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<td class="pageTitle" nowrap="true">Artifact: 操作</td><td width="100%">
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<td valign="top">该工件表示可以从对象请求以实现某种行为的服务。操作指定名称、类型、参数和约束，以调用相关行为。</td>
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<td>Work Product Kinds: <a href="./../../rup/workproducttypes/model_element_74CA3914.html" guid="_n7ZcgN7REdmjRZts2c4ZjQ">模型元素</a></td>
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<div class="sectionHeading">Purpose</div>
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    操作主要用于获取某个元素支持或需要的、已提供的必需服务。
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<div class="sectionHeading">Relationships</div>
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<th class="sectionTableHeading" scope="row">Container Artifact</th><td class="sectionTableCell" colspan="2">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/workproducts/rup_design_model_2830034D.html" guid="{8CDAEAD4-5E84-4F50-87FD-3240ED047DE7}">设计模型</a>
</li>
</ul>
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<th class="sectionTableHeading" scope="row">Roles</th><td class="sectionTableCell" width="42%"><span class="sectionTableCellHeading">Responsible:
								</span>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/roles/rup_capsule_designer_F3E66EDF.html" guid="{86253FE7-0036-4D14-8BD7-C18CE86A5E14}">封装体设计员</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/roles/rup_designer_BA8DE74E.html" guid="{DB21F5EF-810B-4994-B120-79FA8774FA9D}">设计人员</a>
</li>
</ul>
</td><td class="sectionTableCell"><span class="sectionTableCellHeading">Modified By:
								</span>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/roles/rup_designer_BA8DE74E.html" guid="{DB21F5EF-810B-4994-B120-79FA8774FA9D}">设计人员</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/roles/rup_system_analyst_C3C9C9AC.html" guid="{F1F206DF-3AA0-4AC0-92EF-8E4A01B6C5B5}">系统分析人员</a>
</li>
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<th class="sectionTableHeading" scope="row">Tasks</th><td class="sectionTableCell" width="42%"><span class="sectionTableCellHeading">Input To:
								</span>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/tasks/operation_analysis_14743F05.html" guid="_cnJO4N9yEdmvvvV6NEU6eA">Operation Analysis</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/tasks/operation_design_BF30F48F.html" guid="_JPsAEN90EdmvvvV6NEU6eA">Operation Design</a>
</li>
</ul>
</td><td class="sectionTableCell"><span class="sectionTableCellHeading">Output From:
								</span>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/tasks/define_system_context_D2899FFE.html" guid="_Ub-SUN90EdmvvvV6NEU6eA">Define System Context</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/tasks/operation_analysis_14743F05.html" guid="_cnJO4N9yEdmvvvV6NEU6eA">Operation Analysis</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/tasks/operation_design_BF30F48F.html" guid="_JPsAEN90EdmvvvV6NEU6eA">Operation Design</a>
</li>
</ul>
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<div class="sectionHeading">Description</div>
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<th class="sectionTableHeading" scope="row">Main Description</th><td class="sectionTableCell"><p>
    操作规约概括了以下内容：
</p>
<ul>
    <li>
        描述
    </li>
    <li>
        输入／输出参数
    </li>
    <li>
        非功能需求：
        <ul>
            <li>
                这些需求是从一些非功能需求（与该操作支持的各种用例中的步骤相关联）派生的。
            </li>
            <li>
                可能无法获取使用操作的环境（即，某个特定用例）(例如，它可能是在考虑所有用例时就支持最低性能需求而言指定的）
            </li>
        </ul>
    </li>
    <li>
        前置条件
    </li>
    <li>
        后置条件
    </li>
    <li>
        上级系统可跟踪性
    </li>
    <li>
        可选：用例（步骤）可跟踪性
    </li>
</ul>
<p>
    在大多数情况下，操作是为正在开发的系统以及主要的子系统定义的，并以递归的方式按需要的深度进行分解。根据考虑的（子）系统的主要职责围绕接口对操作进行分组。
</p>
<p>
    根据详细程度和使用环境，不同角色指定、定义、优化操作或将操作用作他们的相关任务的主要输入：
</p>
<ul>
    <li>
        <b>架构设计师</b>将描述在架构方面具有重要意义的元素所支持的主要服务。
    </li>
    <li>
        <b>分析人员</b>将与<b>架构设计师</b>一起工作，将用例步骤映射到系统操作中。
    </li>
    <li>
        <b>设计人员</b>会将它们用作改进阶段和重构阶段的输入，操作作为接口设计规约的构建块。
    </li>
    <li>
        <b>测试员</b>将根据指定的操作得出他们的测试用例。
    </li>
    <li>
        <b>管理员</b>会将它们用作阶段和迭代规划的基础。
    </li>
</ul></td>
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<div class="sectionHeading">Key Considerations</div>
<div class="sectionContent">
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<td class="sectionTableSingleCell">设计人员负责操作集的完整性，确保：
<ul>
    <li>
        操作是唯一的并且操作之间不存在重叠
    </li>
    <li>
        围绕着接口对相关操作逻辑地进行了分组
    </li>
    <li>
        正确地记录每个操作
    </li>
    <li>
        与其他操作的可跟踪性关系和／或已确定的用例步骤
    </li>
    <li>
        根据当前迭代的范围，正确地包括用例或系统操作
    </li>
</ul></td>
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<div class="sectionHeading">Tailoring</div>
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<th class="sectionTableHeading" scope="row">Representation Options</th><td class="sectionTableCell"><p>
    The operation-based approach is a more formal, rigorous way of defining the services supported by the system and its
    main subsystems. Usually the starting point are the system use cases, so there is an assumption that operations will be
    used in conjunction with use cases.
</p>
<p>
    The main tailoring decisions are:
</p>
<ul>
    <li>
        describe only architectural significant operations (those which relate to the most important use cases)?
    </li>
    <li>
        how "deep" the subsystem logical decomposition should go?
    </li>
    <li>
        fully describe pre-conditions and post-conditions?
    </li>
    <li>
        need to maintain traceability between operations and system operations and/or use cases?
    </li>
</ul>
<p>
    If Interface Design Specifications need to be produced, the level of detail and formalism for the operations which will
    be part of these specification will increase to the point where the resulted artifacts could be used for implementation
    and testing.<br />
</p></td>
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